Training circuit Essay Example for Free

Preparing circuit Essay The diagram beneath shows my heartrate from week 1-3 of my preparation circuit. As should be obvious the main thing I did was to take my resting beat rate, this was to go about as a standard so I could turn out to be the manner by which rapidly my pulse recoups after I complete the circuit. As should be obvious the resting beat is conflicting all through this is on the grounds that a little while I did some activity before I gauged my heartbeat rate. I am satisfied with the consequences of my pulse as it shows that I have gotten fitter over the time I have been doing my circuits. I know this in light of the fact that every week I have a quicker recuperation rate Week 4-6 outcomes are diverse to week 1-3 as in week 4-6 we were doing the circuit twice so this implied my heart beat was clearly higher after I finished the circuit as I had worked more enthusiastically. Something to be thankful for about theories results is that it shows my wellness has improved from week 4-6 and it shows my circuit was a success After each instructional meeting I recorded how I thought the circuit went. I recorded the manner in which I felt after every meeting and what I figured I could enhance whenever I did the circuit. The following are the outcomes: Week 1 On the entire mulling over it was the first occasion when I had done the circuit, I thought week one worked out in a good way. I was satisfied with my run start results however I figured I could have improved on the stepping stools. The beneficial thing that came out of this meeting was that it featured that there was opportunity to get better. I was in general satisfied with my general execution. Week 2 I felt I had improved from a week ago and this was obvious from my outcomes. The one thing I was baffled with was my press ups, as my score had brought down by 5 from the earlier week. The thing I figured Id done the best on was the Illinois test as I thumped a moment of my past outcome. I was likewise satisfied that I figured out how to enhance the stepping stools as I got 31 contrasted with 22 a week ago. One week from now I want to enhance press ups. Week 3 I wasnt excessively satisfied with my exhibition as I believed I hadnt truly improved from the last time I did the circuit. In spite of the fact that I figured out how to improve my score on the sit ups and skipping I neglected to enhance different stations. One week from now I would like to improve my exhibition on all the stations despite the fact that I understand I should find a steady speed as I need to do the circuit twice one week from now. Week 4 This week I did my circuit twice this implied my outcomes probably won't have been tantamount to the earlier weeks in view of the additional activity included , it likewise implied that I needed to find a steady speed. The first run through around I was satisfied with how I performed and I really figured out how to enhance my outcomes from the earlier week in most of stations. The main issue was that after the first run through round I was drained so I new this would impact my presentation on the subsequent circuit lap. The second time around I thought I performed well on specific stations which didnt include a lot of physical exercise, for example, the co-appointment test yet not all that great on genuinely requesting station. One week from now I will attempt to improve my outcomes on the second time I do the circuit. Week 5 I felt for the current week worked out positively and I thought it was my best execution as I figured out how to get a portion of my best outcomes so far on most of the stations. I was particularly satisfied with my outcomes on the skipping as I beat my past scores .The second time I did the circuit I felt it worked out positively as I figured out how to show signs of improvement results than the earlier week. This demonstrated I have improved throughout the weeks and my endurance has improved. One week from now will be my last seven day stretch of doing the circuit in this way I will attempt my hardest to better the entirety of my past outcomes. Week 6 I was satisfied in the manner I acted in this week and it featured the amount I had improved in the course of recent weeks. In all the stations I did ,I had enhanced the outcomes from the primary week. In the wake of finishing the circuit I was satisfied with the degree of exertion I had placed in and furthermore the amount I had improved. Assessment I applied over-burden and movement into my circuit by expanding the time and power of which I did each station. Over-burden is a key thing required in the preparation circuit, as when you are in your limit you are working at your best so you are destined to improve. By applying movement it makes my body work to its maximum capacity, I will apply movement by broadening the measure of times I do the circuit beginning with once every week at that point advancing to two times per week. This will improve my wellness by making my body work more enthusiastically. I trust I picked the correct stations so as to improve my football aptitudes and wellness. I trust I adjusted my stations well as some were intended to improve my wellness and others were intended to improve my ability. I believe I could have maybe placed more stations into my circuit and this would have assisted with improving my wellness further, as I just had 10 stations, where I could have had 12. I felt anyway that the stations picked were the correct ones and were the best to assist me with accomplishing my objective. If I somehow managed to transform anything I would have managed without the Stalk Stand , as I didnt feel it helped and furthermore my outcomes on this station didnt improve all through the a month and a half. Something to be thankful for about my circuit was that it was anything but difficult to oversee in the manner that it was anything but difficult to set up, record and to play out .This was on the grounds that I had done heaps of arranging before I started my circuit so I new precisely what I was doing bit by bit. Recording my outcomes wasnt actually an issue as I had just arranged how I was going to record each station and even made expectations with respect to how I would perform on each station . One of the principle reactions of my circuit was that I don't trust it was in the right request and I wish I had set aside more effort to plan it before hand. An issue with not having stations organized appropriately was that I got drained rapidly as I had stepping stools before step ups and by and by this was an awful choice as these were two genuinely requesting undertakings. What I ought to have done was to put a less truly requesting station between the two and by doing this I would have given myself to a greater degree a rest. I would likewise have had the option to find a steady speed better creation sure I got the most ideal scores on each station. In general I accept my circuit worked out in a good way, as I suspected it was at the correct level in contrast with my wellness. It was essential to make my circuit at the correct level as though it had been too simple then it wouldnt have made me work in my limit, along these lines it would have been impossible that I would have improved my wellness. Likewise in the event that I had made my circuit too hard it would have implied that I would have been much bound to get a physical issue and furthermore I wouldnt have had the option to proceed too at each station. I enjoyed finishing my preparation circuit as I appreciate staying in shape. I accept this was one of the principle reasons my preparation circuit was fruitful as when you appreciate accomplishing something you put more exertion into it. I believed I pushed myself as far as possible on each station of my circuit. I know this on account of how I felt genuinely and my outcomes demonstrated it as they show my wellness has improved over the multi week time frame. In general I am exceptionally satisfied with the manner in which I finished the preparation circuit and I am satisfied with my outcomes.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English - Essay Example Notwithstanding, in 2008, this kind of family unit, at 36%, despite everything speaks to the greatest companion among the various sorts in Great Britain. The level of families with subordinate youngsters has remained generally consistent; while the piece of single parent families in the general investigation diminished at a moderately little change rate, throughout the years. This last partner additionally speaks to the littlest gathering. Different sorts of families, which contain same sex couples and common accomplices, have expanded from 19% to 25%. By and large, individuals in private family units have expanded throughout the decades from 53.4 million to 58.8 million. Let us currently investigate the size of family units utilizing the subsequent table. This table glances at the size of family units dependent on the quantity of people living in them, from 1 individual up to at least 6. This investigation additionally covers almost 40 years from 1971 to 2008. The greatest gathering in these partners is included two individuals family units, which is identified with the couples and families without any kids information appeared in the prior table. Beginning at 32% in 1971, this classification has expanded imperceptibly to 35% in 2008. One individual families have expanded altogether throughout the decades likewise, going from 18% in 1971 to 29% in 2008. This single gathering, truth be told, speaks to the greatest piece in the general increment in families that Great Britain has seen since 1971. It is fascinating to take note of that the various classifications of family units of multiple individuals, incorporating families with three, four, five and in excess of six individuals, have diminished in the previous decades: three individuals family units have diminished from 19% to 16%; four individuals families have diminished from 17% to 13%; five individuals family units have outfit down from 8% to 5%; and family units with at least 6 individuals have diminished from 6% to a unimportant 2%, keeping up its status as the littlest gathering. This information closes viably that the size of the normal family unit in Great Britain has diminished from 2.9 people to 2.4 people from 1971 to 2008. The contributing components to this change are a) the expanded number of one and two person(s) families, and b) the diminished number of family units with at least 3 people. Task 2: Examine the contention that neighborly relations are portrayed by agreeable separation. Neighbors make a significant part of cultural life: how neighbors carry on and communicate with one another directly affects the kind of networks that are built up; regardless of whether these networks have sincerity, comprehension and liberality or standoffish quality and doubt is reliant on how neighborly relations are. This exposition endeavors to depict the different qualities, segments and signs of solid and great neighborly relations to reveal insight into the subject of whether these relations are best when well disposed however a ways off. The word ‘neighbour’ is utilized to portray the individual living right nearby to someone else; in talking terms, neighbors incorporates individuals who dwell near one another on a road or local location. A ‘neighbour’ holds an inborn social character (Taylor, p. 167) and affiliations dependent on a neighbour’s job. Having great neighbors or a ‘nice neighbourhood’ is a significant attribute of productive public activity. Notwithstanding, the meaning of a ‘

10 Personal Finance Blog Posts You Should Read Right Now

10 Personal Finance Blog Posts You Should Read Right Now 10 Personal Finance Blog Posts You Should Read Right Now! 10 Personal Finance Blog Posts You Should Read Right Now!The internet can be an overwhelming source of information. It can be hard to know what to read and what to skip in favor of that cute cat video your aunt just posted.We did some digging and came up with 10 fantastic personal finance blog posts that you should pretty much read immediately.  (Don’t worry, that cat with the funny costume will still be there when you finish getting your financial future together.)1.       Penny Hoarder: 32 Legitimate Ways to Make Money at HomeNeed some extra cash? Who doesn’t! This blog post from The Penny Hoarder, one of the world’s largest personal finance websites is a one-stop shop for great ways to earn extra money on the sideâ€"most of which you can do without getting off your couch!Read the full post here.2.       Cash Cow Couple: How Do Student Loans Impact Your Credit Score?This post from Cash Cow Couple  has a great rundown of how credit scores are calculated and how your student lo an debt can affect them. (Spoiler alert: make your loan payments on time.) Once you’ve read this post, check out the rest of the blog, which is chock-full of great tips and advice to help you live your best, most financially responsible life.Read the full post here.3.       DoughRoller: 23 Powerful Tips and Tools to Eliminate DebtIn this post, Dough Roller founder Rob Berger, lays out the process of tackling your debt head-on. He breaks everything down into a series of simple, easy-to-follow steps. Check out this post and start slashing your debt today!Read the full post here.4.       Mr. Money Moustache: A Millionaire is Made Ten Bucks at a TimeThink 10 bucks isn’t a lot of money? Well, think again. Let Mr. Money Moustache  reorient your entire brain to think about $10 as what it actually is: the building block for your future financial success. Learning to save 10 dollars on the regularâ€"whether it’s on food, gas, utilities, whateverâ€"could help set you up for early retire ment.Read the full post here.5.       Financial Samurai:   Career Advice For Women: Blaze Your Own Path Instead!Rather than joining a company where an all-male management team will stifle them, the Financial Samurai  advises women to strike out on their own and become their own bosses. Even for folks who might be skeptical of that premise, this lengthy, well-thought-out post will certainly make your reconsider your own career decisions and work environment.Read the full post here.6.         Making Sense of Cents: Less is More: Guide To Becoming a MinimalistWant to start living with less but not sure where to begin? Let Making Sense of Cents blogger Michelle Schroeder  show you how to get started. This is another blog where you’ll want to check out the rest of Michelle’s posts once you’re done with this one, especially since she won Blog of the Year at the 2016 Plutus Awards!Read the full post here.7.       DailyWorth: The 10 Worst Credit Card Mistakes You Can MakePersonal fina nce expert extraordinaire Liz Weston, CFP  penned this post for DailyWorth  about the worst ways the credit card users can hurt their scores. If you read this post and think “Gosh, I do a lot of those” then we recommend that you make DailyWorth a regular part of your online media diet.Read the full post here.8.       Budgets Are Sexy: 9 Things I No Longer Do With My MoneyIn this post, Budgets Are Sexy blogger J. Money  celebrates his 9-year “blogiversary” by reflecting on how his attitudes and habits with money have changed and evolved over the years. It’s a great read, mostly in how it shows how good money habits will stick around, while a lot hard work with your money now can let be a little more relaxed later on.Read the full post here.9.         I Will Teach You To Be Rich: How to make money fast (without getting caught in a scam)Need cash and need it, like, yesterday? Rather than turning to a predatory payday loan, check out this post from New York Times best-selling Ramit Sethi  on ways that you can make some cash and make it quick without having to scam anyone or do anything illegal. He even goes over some of the most common “make money fast” schemes that you should 100 percent stay away from.Read the full post here.10.   Good Financial Cents: 65 Home Based Business Ideas That Are Easy to StartFor all you aspiring entrepreneurs out there, this list of businesses from blogger and Certified Financial Planner Jeff Rose that you can start from home might just be your holy grail. Click through and see which one is the best fit for youâ€"then get out there (or get online at least) and start earning!Read the full post here.If you want to keep up with all these great blogs, then you should give them a follow on the ol’ Twitter. And the same goes for us here at the OppLoans. Get our latest blog posts right in your feed by following us at @OppLoans.     Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIN

The Iliad Of Homer s Achilles - 888 Words

Every human, throughout life will tend to make mistakes. They personally tend to think something is good one day then look back on it later just to realize it was not such a great idea. Through these mistakes personally, one grows as a person and learns from them. In The Iliad of Homer, Achilles goes through many trials and tribulations, making some harsh and careless choices. Sorrowfully, Achilles does not learn from these mistakes until it’s far too late. One of Achilles first prolonged lessons learned was that one should be less intense when it comes to one’s values. During the first couple books of The Iliad of Homer, honor is the most important thing to Achilles. Honor comes before all. Unfortunately, in book nineteen, Achilles beloved comrade and brother-in-arms Patroklos is killed by Hector, the eldest son of the Trojan king. In the beginning of book nineteen Achilles becomes portrayed as devastated and angry. Latimore shows us here in lines 1-40: And Thetis came to the ships and carried with her the gifts of Hephaistos. She found her beloved son lying in the arms of Patroklos crying shrill, and his companions in their numbers about him mourned. She, shining among divinities, stood there beside them. She clung to her son’s hand and called him by name and spoke to him: â€Å"My child, now, though we grieve for him, we must let this man lie dead, in the way he first was killed through the gods’ designing. Accept rather from me the glorious arms of Hephaistos, so splendid,Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Homer s Iliad Achilles 948 Words   |  4 PagesHomer’s Iliad, Achilles is one of the most despised characters in the book, however, he and his infamous wrath is still discussed thousands of years later. Americans even uses the phrase â€Å"Achilles Heel† to describe a weakness in spite of overall strength. Achilles’ arrogance, attention seeking, and sociopathic behavior has earned him all the honor, glory, and power. So I ask, does the great warrior of Achaean, Achilles, deserve to be honored or dishonored? In the beginning of Homer’s Iliad to theRead MoreThe Epic Of The Iliad1019 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the epic of the Iliad, there are a multitude of moral lessons. It is a story of war, loss, love, and forgiveness. The main character, Achilles, faces many difficult decisions where he is faced with discerning what is right and what is wrong. This is the focus of the epic in whole, but there is a definite emphasis on morality in Book 24. In this book, not only does Achilles face this struggle, but Priam as well. The vision of morality that emerges from the Iliad is understanding the importanceRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1498 Words   |  6 PagesAn Influential Poem The Iliad is a poem that provides important stories with insight into early human society. 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It is known that Iliad begins 10 years before the great Seige of Troy and eventually the odyssey had begun a couple years after that(Classical Lit). When Homer had written these novels it is clear that they have numerous lines, and Homer had written both. In the novel The Iliad it consists of fifteenRead MoreThe Iliad Or The Poem Of Force1472 Words   |  6 PagesIn her essay, The Iliad or The Poem of Force, Simone Weil argues, â€Å"The true hero, the true subject matter, the center of the Iliad, is force,† (152). â€Å"Force† is defined as, â€Å"that x that turns anybody who is subjected to it/ into a thing,† (153). Weil perceives force as an active entity that is capable of profound, negative, influences on the lives it touches (153). For a hero, force replaces his rational sensibilities by an uncontrollable urge to slaughter his opponent in an animalistic fashion,Read MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad 899 Words   |  4 PagesHomer s poem The Iliad is a prime example of your protagonist and antagonist going against each other, With one main character Achilles fueled by his all consuming wrath and need for vengeance, and the other main character Hektor fueled by his obligation and desire to guard his city and protect his family. Homer s Iliad has been open to several different interpretations and different versions have circulated even in Greek art. The Harvard Collection has a vase in it that tells a similar but veryRead MoreThe Trojan War1487 Words   |  6 Pagesa large role in the Iliad. I was shocked to learn that the majority of the history of the Trojan War involves the Gods. In my opinion, it seems very unbelievable. According to homer, people believed in Zeus, Hades, Apollo, Poseidon, and the other Gods. Something I don’t understand is how people actually believe homers account of the Trojan War. The Iliad had so many parts where the Gods were directly involved the war between the Trojans and the Greeks. Almost none of Homers accounts of the GodsRead MoreCompare And Contrast Achilles And Aeneas1263 Words   |  6 PagesGilbert DWC 101: Paper 1 11/01/2017 Heroes of Opposing Audiences A comparison of Homer’s Achilles and Virgil’s Aeneas brings up the question concerning what makes someone an epic hero. Although each poet lived in a dramatically different time period, with different literary integrity, Homer and Virgil each portray an epic hero using different development of the characters, but similar themes and influences. Achilles and Aeneas demonstrate that an epic hero will do whatever it takes to fulfill their duties

How Comprehensive Sexuality Educational Class At Young Age...

How Comprehensive Sexuality Educational Class at Young Age Affect Teenagers? When adolescents feel distinct to family, relatives, and school, they could turn into complex activities that put their wellbeing at risk. On the other hand, when parents establish the value of their children, young people more frequently increase positive, healthful thoughts about themselves. Even though most adults desire youth to identify about abstinence, contraception, and how to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), parents regularly have difficulty communicating about sex. However, constructive communication among parents and children really helps young people to create individual principles and to make strong choices. In spring of†¦show more content†¦Sexual health education that is comprehensive provides students with knowledge about abstinence, human development, contraception, STI and HIV/AIDS prevention, healthy relationships and responsible decision-making. Pregnancy in adolescents is a significant problem that needs the attention, prevention and solution. According to the World Health Organization, the quantity of births that take place throughout adolescence is about 2% in China, 18% in Latin America and the Caribbean and more than 50% in sub-Saharan Africa. Half of all adolescent births take place in just seven countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria and the United States. Why have some countries a high rate of pregnancy in teenagers? What makes a big different in between Comprehensive Sexuality education at young age in some countries? What are some of the strategies that successful teachers use to teach Sexuality education in their classrooms? Sexuality education in public schools at young age will lead to healthier sex behavior among the students in their later lives of adolescents. How bad is this problem? In the results of a survey on 2011 of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), point out that more than 47 percent of all high school students say they have had sex, and 15 percent of high school students have had sex with four or more

Sports-Cultural Comparison Free Essays

string(233) " change is sure to arise from technological advances, introduction of new techniques, strategies, rules, and from the improvement of shot-making ability of individual players who strive for perfection in their chosen game \(Cowan\)\." | | |Sports | |Cultural Comparison | | | |Lisa Bowling Today, as Americans, we are surrounded by an increasing number of very different cultures, and along with that we are surrounded by numerous cultural differences. These differences between our culture and the cultures surrounding us deal with every aspect of life, from clothing to food to music, even our recreational activities, like sports. In our American culture we are flooded by mainstream sports such as basketball, football, and of course baseball, our â€Å"national pastime†. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports-Cultural Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the huge amount of coverage those main sports receive, Americans are sometimes unaware of what other cultures have to offer. Whether they are being played, watched, read about, or dreamed about, sports are everywhere, as are the cultural differences within them. A brief look at five different sports will reveal just a few of these differences, ranging from variations in rules to sports that are beginning to gain popularity to sports that are almost completely unknown in the United States, as well as show the effects that differences have on our own culture. Korfball First we will introduce you to the sport of Korfball, which was founded in Holland by an Amsterdam teacher, Nico Broekhuijsen in 1903. Nico once attended a physical education workshop in Sweden. He observed a game called ringball with men and women playing together. He liked the coeducational part of the game, so he rewrote the game, refined the rules and changed the ring goal to a basket. This basket is called de korf, which is Dutch, thus the name of the game. He wanted to have all his students be involved in a game, regardless of their gender. It is one of the few sports that involve men and women on the team. As a demonstration sport, it was introduced to the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, and then again in 1928 in Amsterdam. In 1933, the International Korfball Federation was founded in Belgium, but it asn’t until 1985 that the sport was recognized by the International Olympic Committee and also the World Games. Every four years the International Korfball Federation now holds the Korfball World Championships. Out of all the teams competing for the chance to have the championship, only two teams get to compete. Korfball is gaining popularity by many countries like Canada, Australia, England, Germany, Belgium, and South Africa. The object of the game is to shoot the ball with two hands through a cylindrical shaped basket. It is similar to basketball, yet a little harder considering the basket is twelve feet high, attached to a single wooden post, and located in the middle of the attack zone. This differs from basketball, where the baskets are only ten feet high and are located on each end of the court. The court is about 44 yards by 99 yards that is marked by white tape. As stated before the baskets are approximately twelve feet high and are placed eleven yards from the end line. The ball itself resembles a soccer ball and is a tad bit smaller than a basketball (whether it is for men or women). Its circumference is 27 inches, unlike the basketball that is 30 inches for men and 29 inches for women. Since Korfball is a team sport, individual excellence is critical importance, but is only when it is passed through team work. The team consists of four men and four women. Typically the women would defend the women and the men would defend the men. Korfball players catch, throw and run with the ball. It is considered a non-contact, non-collision sport. Each player has their own zone to cover and may not move from it. Each team has four players in each of the three zones. The ball in play is moved only by hand movements. Unlike basketball, there is no dribbling, no backboards, physical contact is not allowed, slam dunks are prohibited (unlikely though since the basket is much higher), and it is a violation of rules to shoot the ball if you are guarded. Height and size of the player is not important since scoring is when the players are constantly moving, running, and perfectly passing the ball to each other. A game lasts about 90 minutes with the object of scoring de korf. Curling Next we will take a look at the up and coming sport of curling. You may have never heard of curling until its recent emergence in the last two Winter Olympics. It is not one of the most traditional sports and there are no monstrosities of men and women participating. It is a sport known more for its grace, skill, and the ability to think through any situation that may be thrown your way. Curling has just begun to gain popularity here in the States, however it originated long ago in Scotland. The first documented games of curling were in Scotland and Holland. The Scots develop the game and formalized rules by 1807. Scottish emigres eventually brought curling to Canada, New Zealand and the United States later in the 1800s (USA Curling), and along with that came many different variations of the game. Canada and Scotland quickly became the two powerhouses of the sport, with Canada revolutionizing the way the game was played, leaving Scotland stuck in the past. Popularity of the sport rose around the world, as the newcomers from Canada took on Scotland in the Scotch Cup matches in 1959. Controversy quickly arose from the â€Å"new style† of curling Canada was playing, as the vanquished the best Scotland had to offer. The old met the new in the first Scotch Cup series of matches in 1959. Controversy there was aplenty in Scotland, as the Canadians of the new game vanquished the best Scotland had to offer. The International Curling Federation is now in place to provide the sport with firm guidelines and internationally accepted rules of play. The federation does leave room for change and improvement, however, as change is sure to arise from technological advances, introduction of new techniques, strategies, rules, and from the improvement of shot-making ability of individual players who strive for perfection in their chosen game (Cowan). You read "Sports-Cultural Comparison" in category "Papers" Now that you have a slight background on the sport of Curling, we will take a look at curling in the United States. The United States Men’s Curling Association was founded in 1958 and later renamed in United States Curling Association due to gender equality, USCA for short. The sport saw its largest growth in 1998, when curling made its full medal debut at the Nagano Olympics (Karuizawa venue). In the 2002 Olympics held in Salt Lake City, (Ogden venue) curling emerged as a surprise television hit. Later, in 2006 in Torino, U. S. curlers won their first-ever Olympic medal (USA Curling). This sport is obviously on the rise in the American culture and maybe one day will be more widespread in the States. It will probably never be on the same level as basketball, football or baseball. But every sport has to start somewhere. Hockey When it comes to hockey, in order to discuss the cultural differences between the US and other countries, you need not look any further than to our friends up north in Canada. While we as Americans probably view our hockey league as the fourth most important sports league behind baseball, football, and basketball (those being in no particular order), Canadians cherish the sport. It is actually the country’s official winter sport. There is no doubt that hockey has been played in Canada for centuries, still there is no definitive origin of when it was officially established. (Hockey Canada) We do know, however, that â€Å"the first organization actually dealing with the administration and development of the sport was the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC), which was organized on the 8th of December, 1886. † (Hockey Canada) In comparison, the National Hockey League (NHL), which is the American hockey league in existence today, did not form until 1917. Even then, the league struggled to field more than a few teams its first couple of decades. In America over the past couple weeks, hockey has been gaining more coverage because of the Olympics, and the United States’ team’s success. The gold medal game against Canada was the most watched hockey game in history in our country, beating out our own league’s championship series. This statistic still pales in comparison to the fact that the preliminary round game against the US was one of the most viewed sporting events on in Canada’s history. Even better, the gold medal game drew an even bigger audience and, in fact, became the most watched sporting event ever in the country. â€Å"Nearly half the Canadian population watched the entire game on average, while 80 percent of Canadians watched some part of the game (26. 5 million). † (Vancouver Sun) As you can see, there is a huge difference in the way the sport is viewed in our two cultures. Lacrosse Another sport that is just beginning to gain more popularity in our country, and culture, is the sport of lacrosse. Again, we don’t have to look far to find where this sport is a large part of a culture. While hockey is Canada’s official winter sport, lacrosse is the country’s official summer sport. Much like the history of hockey, the date in which the sport was invented is not certain, but it is thought to date back to the 12th century. Lacrosse, which was originally played between Native Americans in the US and Canada, flourished in the 19th century in Canada as, â€Å"the National Lacrosse Association became the first national sport governing body in North America. † (Canadian Lacrosse Association) The sport is played both indoors and out, with leagues consisting of both types existing in Canada as well as the US. The National Lacrosse League (NLL) was started in 1987 and is played indoors, while Major League Lacrosse (MLL) was founded in 1999 and is the outdoor version. Although these leagues have both been in existence for at least a decade, the NLL consists of only 11 teams, while MLL is made up of a meager six teams. While the number of teams in the professional ranks, and the leagues in general, are often overshadowed by the major sports in our country, the sport is the fastest growing sport in our country. â€Å"National lacrosse participation increased 8. percent in 2009, according to research by US Lacrosse for its annual participation report. There were 568,021 lacrosse players that were members of organized teams across the country in 2009, from the youth level all the way on up through the professional ranks. † (US Lacrosse) It is estimated that participation in lacrosse in the US will double in the next ten years, and as it continues to grow in will continue to become a grea ter part of our culture. Football Somewhere in America a man, who is referred to as the quarterback, is standing on a field of fake grass made of astro-turf. He is covered almost head-to-toe in enough protective padding that could possibly protect him from a car running into him. He is hurling a cow hide covered prolate spheroid through the air. He is hoping that his teammate will catch this ball without being tackled by someone from the opposing team. His goal is to run with this ball to the opposite end of the field into the opposing team’s end zone to score points. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins. This sport is known as football. The history of American football goes back to the first half of the 19th century and its origins can be traced back to the game of rugby, which is primarily played in the UK. Walter Camp took the game of rugby and converted many of its rules into the American football we know today. Walter Camp is hailed as the â€Å"Father of American Football†. Football can be played at the high school, college, and professional level, and all levels are governed by nationally accredited associations. The Ohio League was the first professional league formed in 1903, and then in 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed. The first game was played in Dayton, Ohio. Many places around the world also share in playing the sport of football. They include, but are not limited to; Japan, the UK, Germany, England, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Mexico. While these countries participate in playing the game, there are many variations in how they play the game. Australia, England, and New Zealand for example play the game of rugby. The ball is slightly larger and heavier than its American counterpart, and requires virtually no physical protective equipment. Consequently, Rugby has been called the toughest and most demanding sport in the world. Canada, the UK, Germany and Japan have very similar football leagues compared to the US, with their rules only varying slightly. Football is one of America’s most played sports and greatest pastimes. It is as much a part of our culture as peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. College football in the state of Ohio however has its own culture, and it is huge! ESPN recently ranked Ohio State football #3 in all of the college football programs dating back to 1936. You can walk in almost any grocery store or department store and find Ohio State football accessories. Buckeye necklaces, jerseys, hats and coats are just some of the long list of items you can purchase and wear to support your team. If its game weekend, most work places not only allow but encourage you to wear something to support the team. There is even enough stuff out there to decorate the inside of your entire house. We even have our own candy! The delicious Buckeyes are the official sweet treat at any football party. Every weekend of the football playing season you can find men, women and children of all ages dressed up in their scarlet and grey huddled in front of their televisions cheering for their team. There is nothing that can bring together or separate the tightest of friends and family than an Ohio State game. The line of loyalty to their favorite team runs deep, especially when it comes to the all-so-famous Ohio State-Michigan game. If you are brave enough to declare your loyalty to Michigan, you better get ready for some opposition from someone with scarlet and grey. Ohio State also has the best damn band in the land and Brutus the mascot to add to its long list of signature cultural items. The pay scale for football players even surpasses the salary of the President of the United States. Sources â€Å"2009 Participation Survey. † US Lacrosse. 01 Jan 2010. US Lacrosse, Web. 4 Mar 2010. . A Short History of Lacrosse in Canada. Canadian Lacrosse Association, 13 Jan. 2010. Web. 4 Mar. 2010. . Canada-U. S. Olympic Hockey Final Gold for TV Ratings. Vancouver Sun, 1 Mar. 2010. Web. 4 Mar. 2010. . History of Hockey Canada. Hockey Canada, 2010. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. . International Korfball Federation. International Korfball Federation, 1 Jan. 2010. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. . Korfball. Wikipedia, 26 Feb. 2010. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. . How to cite Sports-Cultural Comparison, Papers

Ethical Consumerism An Analysis on TESCO

Question: Describe about the Importance of ethical consumerism in business of TESCO? Answer: Introduction A large number of people around the world are engaging in ethical decision making. The ethical decision regarding the purchase of product include adopting products which are environment friendly, production techniques are sound, maintaining labor standards (wage structure and the working conditions) and the aspect of human rights. Ethical consumerism is the burgeoning issues that recognize ethical trading activities of different companies. The need and requirement of involving in ethical business activities are diverse in nature. By ethical business practice we can infer that the consumers interest and values are included in the decision making, consumer also considers environmental responsibilities and it also includes the production process which means whether the production is done in an efficient and effective way or not. (Lewis and Potter, 2011) Ethical consumerism can be defined as the purchase of goods and services that are manufactured or produced in an ethical way. This can also be elaborated as the production technique must not aim to harm or exploit the humans, animals or the environment. In other words we can say that consumers will purchase those products which are engage in ethical sourcing, producing and distributing technique (McGregor, 2005). The sourcing of the product must be done on ethical terms by not hampering or exploiting natural environment and animals. The production technique is said to be ethical if it never appointed children or implemented slavery practices in the process and also when the labor conditions regarding wage and work culture are maintained. The consumers who practice such form of product can be denoted as ethical consumer. (Hudson, Hudson and Edgerton, 2013) This study revolves around the concept of ethical consumerism and its relevance in the business sector. It is inevitable to accept the fact that for continued success of business ethical practices are required. We have identified a company TESCO which is a leading multinational food and grocery retailer in the UK and identified the ethical operations of the company. The objective and goal of every company always include the customer satisfaction and ethical consumerism. Research and survey has been applied regarding the ethical practices and ethical consumerism of the company. Importance of ethical consumerism in business: The globalization has led to the expansion in the choices and options available to the consumers. The consumers are alarmingly making decisions based on green economy and so it is necessary for the business enterprises to evaluate consumer needs. (Confino, 2011) The aspect of ethical consumerism is far beyond the quality, quantity and price issues of the consumers. Consumers are looking for product with certain standards. Ethical consumerism can be of two forms: positive buying and moral boycott. The positive buying means that the consumers favor ethical products and businesses whose operation is based on the general well being rather than the self interest. The positive buying includes a lot of standards and labels such as fair trade, and social accountability organic trade association etc. Moral boycott is the activity of boycotting products because the consumer is of the view that the products are made on unethical terms. Moral boycott occurs because the products can be made by ha rming the environment or exploiting the workers by giving them low wage. (Lewis and Potter, 2011) Apart from the two kinds of ethical consumerism, it also includes, natural ingredients to used in the product, distinct information should be available about the product, the nutritional value must be included with the pack of the product (if it is a food product), prevalence of transparency, fair and judicious labor employment, maintaining human rights, protecting the health of the workers as well as the consumers, exercising sustainability and green environment practices and follow the process of reduce, recycle and reuse. (Leading in Context, 2012) In this regard, any company must abide by the Corporate Social Responsibility which identifies key issues like environmental management, eco-efficiency, standards of labor, working conditions of the labor, gender balance, human rights and actions that need to be taken against corruption that the company must follow in order to strike balan ce between social, economic and environmental factors. (Harrison, Newholm and Shaw, 2005) Companies are now alarmingly engaging in the development of accountability of products and corporate practices. Companies like Google, Microsoft, Intel and Starbucks etc. are continually practicing business ethics to ensure their success. Google has donated around $1 billion to renewable energy projects through its Google Green Program. It has also taken a step towards green economy by switching over to efficient buildings. Intel on the other introduced a rare company perk where company relocates and reassigns the existing works to different departments and areas after every two years. The aim of the company is to ensure the interests of the workers never dim that is the workers must not get bored with what they work and so they are promoted to other departments and thereby explore new fields. Starbucks encourages its customers to become environmentally aware and took initiative to award 10cent to each customer who would carry their own reusable cups. (Policies, 2013) Thus the consum ers get the urge to purchase from these companies because they are practicing business ethics. Company Overview: Tesco TESCO is a leading multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer based in the UK. It has its headquarter in Hertfordshire in the UK and is estimated to have employed around 510,444 employees in February 2014. This UK based company initially focused on the retailing of grocery items but since TESCO gained momentum and diversified not only geographically but also in the field of retailing. TESCO is now retailing a wide range of merchandise items like books, outfits, electronics, fixtures and furniture, toys, banking sector, telecommunications, internet and software service provider and petrol. (Datamonitor.com, 2015) Values and ethics: We make what matters better, together is the new core purpose of TESCO. The aim of the company is to change with the changing world and shift from the purpose of more is better to making what matters better. (TESCO corporation Business Ethics Policy, 2015) Understanding people- identifying the needs of the customers, trying to resolve the issue by using Clubcard data or social media is one of the feature of the company and altering and innovating to ensure that the customer needs are met. Treating people the way they want- the employees of the company work in a culture imbibing trust and loyalty. The employees are rewarded according to their work so that they get the urge to work better and to work in team. Scaling for good- the company thrives to provide the best and high quality of food at affordable prices to the people globally. The company aims at generating job opportunities or work with the farmers to render the beat quality products. It encourages customers and employees to live a healthy life by tackling the problem of obesity globally. And lastly, the company also engages in reducing wastage of food globally. (TESCO plc, 2015) The ethical trading programme of TESCO is the crucial component for transaction of products in a responsible way. As consumers are increasingly engaging in the ethical purchase, TESCO is also aware of the fact and so they ensures the consumers have knowledge that the products are manufactured under decent conditions and that each and everyone is treated in a fair manner. The approach of the company is based on four pillars: (Our Ethical Trading Approach Supporting decent labour standards in TESCOs supply chain, 2014) Values- communicating companys values, setting standards and approving suppliers. Monitoring- identifying the real working conditions of the workers in their supply chains Improvement- scope for advancement to the suppliers and ensuring fire safety Transparency- exercising the nature of openness and honesty (TESCOplc.com, 2015) A short survey: A short opinion survey based on the Convenience Random Sampling was carried on 15 students at GSM London (Refer Appendices for Questionnaire). The survey is given below: Do you visit the TESCO for shopping? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage Strongly disagree (1) 2 13 Disagree (2) 1 7 Indifferent (3) 3 20 Agree (4) 5 33 Strongly agree (5) 4 27 It can be seen around 60% of the students visit the TESCO store. Do you believe that the company is sourcing vegetables, fruits, whole grains or low fat grains in an ethical way? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage Strongly disagree (1) 2 13 Disagree (2) 1 7 Indifferent (3) 5 33 Agree (4) 4 27 Strongly agree (5) 3 20 It can be seen around 33% of the students are indifferent about the sourcing of foods whereas around 47% of the students are conscious about the sources of food. How far are you satisfied with the animal meat used in TESCO? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage Strongly disagree (1) 5 33 Disagree (2) 4 27 Indifferent (3) 2 13 Agree (4) 3 20 Strongly agree (5) 1 7 With the recent controversy of horse meat use by the TESCO, it can be seen around 60% of the students are not satisfied with the meat provided by the TESCO. Do you think the food provided by TESCO is nutritional for the children? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage Strongly disagree (1) 3 20 Disagree (2) 2 13 Indifferent (3) 2 13 Agree (4) 5 34 Strongly agree (5) 3 20 It can be seen around 54% of the students believe that food provided by the TESCO is nutritious. How far do you think the company is maintaining proper working conditions? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage Strongly disagree (1) 1 7 Disagree (2) 2 13 Indifferent (3) 5 33 Agree (4) 4 27 Strongly agree (5) 3 20 It can be seen around 33% of the students are not concerned with the working conditions in TESCO and around 47% of them stated that the working conditions are good. Does the company comply with the standards of ethics and values? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage Strongly disagree (1) 1 8 Disagree (2) 2 13 Indifferent (3) 5 33 Agree (4) 5 33 Strongly agree (5) 2 13 Here we see a rather unusual result where 33% students are indifferent about the ethics and values exercised by TESCO and another 33% students agree to the application of ethics and values by the company. We can say that consumers may state that they ethically make choices by the actual result may give a different outlook. A secondary research carried out put forward some of the ethical practices of TESCO. TESCO has several steps by cutting down energy use, putting carbon labels on products, removed saturated fat from food products. TESCO opened environmental store in Cheetham Hill and also sponsored Sustainable Consumption Institute in Manchester. The values, ethical trading and initiatives taken by the company reveal that TESCO is ethically sound. (Files.investis.com, 2015) Conclusion: The relevance of ethical consumerism will be recognized only when consumers are actually making ethical decision. The primary survey may depict that consumers are engaging in ethical shopping but in reality the truth of the statement is in question? (Paish, 2011) The answer is that most consumers are indifferent on understanding the ingredients of food products or the sourcing of the products. (Foodispower.org, 2015) TESCO got involved in several controversies, one of which states that it used horse meat in May 2013 which dropped their sales. Another Whistleblower programme of BBC revealed that company has breached food hygiene rules compromising with the lives of its customers. The result of the survey on satisfaction regarding animal meat used by TESCO was surprising because as 50% of the students agreed that TESCO complies with ethical standards and on the other hand around 60% students do not agree that the company is ethically sourcing its meat products. This is somewhat contrad ictory. (Zhao, 2014)But for the conducting business successfully, every company must maintain ethical consumerism. (Marketing, 2012) Recommendations: TESCO has repeatedly involved in ethical practices but several controversies need to be catered by the company. At first, the company must appoint a anticorruption team to check unethical and illegal practices like bribery within the company. Policies must be taken to improve the labor relations and amending the customer privacy laws. Regarding the services provided by TESCO, there is room for improvement as allegations of failure to deliver groceries to a university in Sussex and slowest checkouts came up. Regarding the food quality, TESCO must form a committee to check the quality of food products and ensure that the sourcing of the food products is done under ethical terms. (Google+, 2015) Final Reflection And Personal Development Plan (Pdp) The final reflection helps the individual to assess himself based on the learning process that he had undergone. (Dimmock and Walker, 2005). The personal experience that an individual acquires also helps him to analyze himself. As a student of management it is important for me to extract all the necessary learning experience that I have assembled during the course of my education and training. I will hereby assess my own learning outcomes based on the questionnaire given below. Questionnaire Fields Have Sufficient Knowledge Needs Improvement Management skills necessary for business activity Skills related to communication and presentation Analytical skills and data interpretation skills Intense knowledge about the subject matter Practical knowledge of the business Procedures of data collection and interpretation Understanding of business ethics Overall personality development Ability to work in teams and handle pressure Ability to be punctual with work A reflection of performance in the current semester: The current semester has taught me a lot of skill and enhanced my knowledge. I have acquired knowledge on various fields. The course has enhanced my communication skills by the different projects that I carried out on business ethics. (Grit, 2006). This helped me to gain a lot of practical knowledge about business and its ethics. While working on the project I learnt the techniques of data collection and interpreting them. I have learnt different topics of management and updated my management skills. Apart from the academic skill I have acquired, the current semester also enabled me work patiently in a team by coordinating with all the members of my team and completing the work under pressure. Thus, I have inculcated the skill of handling and tackling pressure as and when required. (Wakeman, n.d.) Improvement in behavior: From the table, we can see that where I have received and enhanced knowledge on some of the fields but there are other fields where I still lag behind and need proper improvement. I have acquired proper knowledge regarding the subject matter, data collection techniques and business ethics, but what I still require to improve is my managerial skill which is the most important aspect of my career. (Adair and Allen, 2003). The interpretation of the data is another field where I require improvement. Since I have undertaken projects on practical basis but I still lag behind when the practical knowledge of business are concerned. Hence, the skill needs to be improved. The analytical skill based on the analysis and forecast of the market has still room for improvement. (Mundsack et al., 2003) I have acquired a good presentation skill but the fear of humiliation and a certain sense of shyness require to be catered in order to develop my personality and uplift my self confidence. (Tepper, 199 4). The personal development plan: The learning, performance, achievement of an individual frames the structure of the personal development plan. (Research.uc.iupui.edu, 2015) This plan enabled me to understand the field where I lag behind and the correct measurement that is to be applied so that the differences in my actual and potential performance can be diminished. (Nollkamper, 2000). I have given my personal development plan below. Achievement Procedure Result assessment Reflection To acquire knowledge on the process of research The knowledge of the research process can be achieved by regularly taking part in the class and noting down important points regarding business practices. I must thoroughly go through the subject concerned. Participating in the regular discussions and doubt clearing sessions with the professors can also help me out With enhanced knowledge about the research, I would be able to conduct the research more efficiently. With the increased knowledge I would take part in several debates and discussion with my fellow classmates. For a better future prospect this enhanced knowledge on the research process is required. To reinforce the time management skills and task quality I have always tried to complete all my research and projects on time but there is still space for me to manage time. By working on projects from time to time along with a procedure to complete the work with time splits will help me to complete the task on time and ensure better quality of my work. With advancement in my time managing skill, I would be able to deliver my projects and assignments on time and also ensure the standard quality of the project is maintained by me. This will lead to appreciation. Delivering task on time and maintaining work quality will augment the reliability of the company in which I will be working. To understand the business ethics and values of the company Research regarding the companies ethical business practices and the code of conduct and values can fetch relevant knowledge. I must go through the business ethics and code of conduct of several companies in order to acquire relative knowledge about the topic. I would be able to acquire knowledge on different guidelines of the companies. This will give an added advantage prior to joining a new company. Understanding the business values and ethics of a company will help me to handle the pressure in the workplace. Thus it is always advisable to understand the rules and regulations of the business world. Effective collection and analysis of data I can achieve this by participating in a wide range of surveys and performing primary as well as secondary data collection. I must learn the relevant analytical tools which will help me to interpret the data so collected in a more efficient way. It will increase my prospect when conducting business analysis and enhance my analytical skill with which I can become a valuable resource for the company. It will increase my chances of conducting analytical research and project work. Improving management skill and proper implementation This can be achieved by extensive study of the management skill. The study must include case studies regarding the skills of managing people. The study can help me to understand and learn techniques of management and rectify the mistakes It will help me to improve my management skill so that I can make appropriate decisions regarding business. Business involves more than one person, which would require coordinating with all of them. With this skill I would be able to manage people in business. References Datamonitor.com, (2015).Datamonitor Research Store - TESCO PLC. [online] Available at: https://www.datamonitor.com/store/Product/TESCO_plc?productid=34972414-9A41-4048-A7B6-1B0017054743 [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Files.investis.com, (2015).TESCO PLC - Achievements and challenges. [online] Available at: https://files.investis.com/plc/cr/t6.html [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Google+, E. (2015).News feed from Ethical Consumer - TESCO selling GM food. [online] Ethicalconsumer.org. Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/latestnews/tabid/62/entryid/1370/TESCO-selling-gm-food.aspx [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Lewis, T. and Potter, E. (2011).Ethical consumption. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Our Ethical Trading Approach Supporting decent labour standards in TESCOs supply chain. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.TESCOplc.com/assets/files/cms/Resources/Trading_Responsibly/Our_Ethical_Trading_approach.pdf [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. TESCO corporation Business Ethics Policy. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.TESCOcorp.com/data/1/rec_docs/173_20051017_Ethics_Policy.pdf [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. TESCO plc, (2015).TESCO plc. [online] Available at: https://www.TESCOplc.com/index.asp?pageid=10 [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. TESCOplc.com, (2015).Ethical trading at TESCO - TESCO PLC. [online] Available at: https://www.TESCOplc.com/site/library/policiesandfactsheets/ethical-trading-at-TESCO.htm [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Zhao, S. (2014). Analyzing and Evaluating Critically TESCOs Current Operations Management.Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(4). Lewis, T. and Potter, E. (2011).Ethical consumption. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. McGregor, S. (2005). The Ethical Consumer.International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29(4), pp.387-388. Hudson, M., Hudson, I. and Edgerton, J. (2013). Political Consumerism in Context: An Experiment on Status and Information in Ethical Consumption Decisions.American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 72(4), pp.1009-1037. Confino, J. (2011).What motivates consumers to make ethically conscious decisions?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/motivates-consumers-environmental-ethical-decisions [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Leading in Context, (2012).What Does Ethical Consumerism Mean for Business?. [online] Available at: https://leadingincontext.com/2012/10/10/what-does-ethical-consumerism-mean-for-business/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2015]. Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D. (2005).The ethical consumer. London: SAGE. Policies, G. (2013).Good Business: 10 Companies With Ethical Corporate Policies. [online] Minyanville. Available at: https://www.minyanville.com/sectors/consumer/articles/Good-Business253A-Corporations-with-Great-Ethical/2/16/2013/id/48045 [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Paish, M. (2011).Ethical food choices influencing product development, research finds | Australian Food News. [online] Ausfoodnews.com.au. Available at: https://ausfoodnews.com.au/2011/12/21/ethical-food-choices-influencing-product-development-research-finds.html [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Foodispower.org, (2015).Food Empowerment Project | Because your food choices can change the world. [online] Available at: https://www.foodispower.org/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Marketing, C. (2012).Ethical Sourcing: A Blossoming Trend in Food - CBD Marketing. [online] CBD Marketing. Available at: https://www.cbdmarketing.com/about/blog/ethical-sourcing-a-blossoming-trend-in-food/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Adair, J. and Allen, M. (2003).The concise time management and personal development. London: Thorogood. Dimmock, C. and Walker, A. (2005).Educational leadership. London: SAGE Publications. Grit, R. (2006).Managing your competencies. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff. Mundsack, A., Deese, J., Deese, E. and Morgan, C. (2003).How to study. New York: McGraw-Hill. Nollkamper, P. (2000).Fundamentals of law office management. Albany, NY: West Legal Studies. Research.uc.iupui.edu, (2015).Personal Development Plan. [online] Available at: https://research.uc.iupui.edu/EvaluationReports/PersonalDevelopmentPlan.aspx [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Tepper, B. (1994).The new supervisor. Burr Ridge, Ill.: Business One Irwin/Mirror Press. Wakeman, C. (n.d.).Reality-based leadership self assessment.

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape free essay sample

Background: For this assignment, we will focus on what is wrong with the life of the main character, Gilbert Grape, in the film bearing his name. We will want not only to explain what is wrong right now, but to trace, as far back as possible, the causes of the causes of his problem, until we reach the earliest or deepest possible cause, sometimes called the first or primary cause. We will peel back the layers that contribute to his unhappiness and passiveness, until we expose and analyze the deepest underlying cause(s). Each time we locate a cause, we will ask ourselves, What is the cause of that cause? This is a psychological movie, and its meanings continue to unfold as we think and talk about them, so its important to view the film as many times as possible. View it and talk about it with friends, roommates, family. We will write a custom essay sample on Whats Eating Gilbert Grape or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Become as familiar as you can with the characters and their lives. Each incident, each casual exchange of dialogue between characters becomes important. (Be sure to write about events in the film in the present tense! For example, When Arnie climbs up the water tower. . . not climbed. ) Task: Write a well-developed, carefully supported essay in which you answer the question Whats Eating Gilbert Grape? Your thesis statement will answer that question directly, and your topic sentences will break the answer down into component parts. Organization: Many possible ways of organizing the material in the film (and your investigation into it) present themselves. Here are just a few that might yield interesting results: A. This film focuses centrally on food, hunger, and eating. The title uses the idea of eating not in a literal sense, but in a metaphorical sense: something (what? ) is eating away at Gilbert, and our job is to figure out what. (Even Gilberts last name is a food. ) The film is chocked full of images of and references to food: family dinners, Mamas weight and size, the grocery store where Gilbert works, the competitive chain grocery store, shopping for food, cookie- and cake-baking, ice cream eating (several times), two birthday cakes, diner scenes, outdoor meals, picnics, etc. Each of these references to eating provides a clue to what is wrong with Gilbert. Group them into categories that you can work with, and analyze several per body paragraph. Provide a topic sentence that probes into the meanings of the scenes. B. Its clear that Gilberts unhappiness has its roots in his family, and so it might prove useful to analyze his relationship with each member of his family (including his absent father: at one point, he says, My father built this house, and its my job to do the repairs. What happens to the house by the end? ) Devote a paragraph to each family member, beginning with the least significant, perhaps, and moving towards the most significant; by coming to terms with Gilberts family dynamics, we might come closer to understanding whats eating him. C. Focus primarily on Gilberts relationship with his brother Arnie in order to understand whats bothering Gilbert. At one point, Arnie repeats what hes heard said about himI could go at any time! and its funny, in part because Arnie doesnt understand the significance of what hes saying. But what he says is true, of course, not only for him, but for all of us. If it is true that we, too could go at any time, how should we live? The film, by dramatizing Gilberts crisis and the way he finds to grow through it, offers an answer to that question. D. Focus primarily on Gilberts relationship with Becky in order to understand whats wrong with Gilbert. How is Beckys life different from Gilberts? What does Becky, and her connection with travel and the road come to represent in the film? How does Becky intervene in Gilberts life and in his relationship with his mother and with Arnie as well? What does Becky offer to Gilbert that he has been unable to provide for himself? What does it mean, in the end, that Gilbert chooses to go on the road with Becky and Arnie? E. Focus on the films symbols in order to explain its meaning, particularly regarding Gilberts problem(s): what does the house symbolize? the basement? how about climbing (the tree, the water tower, the stairs)? eating? the road? the caravan? water (the incident of Arnies bath; Gilbert, Arnie, Becky bathing and playing in the stream? Mr. Carver drowning in the wading pool? and fire. The film is richly symbolic; it offers a great deal to think and write about. Important Note: No matter which approach you choose, you must come to terms with the change Gilbert undergoes by the end of the movie. Every paper must deal with the ending of the film. Note how the ending repeats, with significant differences, the beginning of the film. Comment on, explain these differences. Account for how they came about. Mechanics: Give your essay a good title. Analyze each quotation and/or example fully and in considerable detail. Refer to characters by name (say Amy, or Ellen, not just Gilberts sister).

xml and java essays

xml and java essays Most web developers are intimately familiar with HTML, which is a language for presenting information on-screen so that it can be read by a human. A new markup language is rapidly gaining attention, however. XML allows for the presentation of information which can be read by a computer program. It is likely that the future of web development includes the creation of increasing numbers of programs, which make intelligent use of the data on XML-based web pages. And Java is a very good language for creating those programs. There has been a close relationship between Java and XML since the earliest mention of XML. John Bosak of Sun Microsystems, Chair of the XML Working Group has said that "XML gives Java something to do" (Web Techniques, pg. 43). Since there has been a decision to provide a standard Java API for manipulating XML (WT Pg. 43), the use of Java to manipulate XML documents is likely to continue, and increase over time. XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. It looks a lot like HTML. In fact, both HTML and XML are commonly viewed as a subset of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). SGML is very complicated, a fact that has lead to its failure to gain widespread usage. HTML, its greatly simplified descendant, has been a resounding success, but it is beginning to demonstrate some significant limitations. XML is in between these markup languages in terms of complexity. It is more complex than HTML, but still significantly less complex than SGML. (Dynamic Web Publishing Unleashed - Pg. 744-745). It is essentially an attempt to define a common ground between HTML and SGML. Like SGML, XML is a metalanguage for defining markup languages. XML allows you to define your own markup language consisting of new tags which you can use to encode the information in your web documents far more precisely than can be done with HTML. XML is not a replacement for HTML. It is, instead, a supplement to HTML. Whil...

Poems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Poems - Assignment Example It is same for everyone. Titanic by David R. Slavitt is an emotional poem that takes the reader back to the historical tragedy of Titanic, the ship, which drowned because of striking against an ice glacier. The poem takes the theme of celebrated death in consideration. According to Slavitt, death at Titanic was a celebrated death as people died with some companions as they were â€Å"with crowds of people, friends, servants, well fed, with music, with light†. The poet emphasizes that usually people die alone as he says, â€Å"We all go down, mostly alone† but in Titanic, people were with many others. The metaphor of cold water as anesthetic is used in order to reveal the numbness of both for the people. Death was easier to come because of the numbness of cold water. The phrase, â€Å"We all go† that is used multiple times in the poem is again revealing about the inevitability of death. On my father’s loss of hearing written by Joanne Diaz informs about the blessings that deaf people have in an ironic tone. The theme of the poem is deafness and loss. the speaker informs about his father who has lost his hearing power. The speaker counts the blessings that his father has because of being deaf. He is unable to hear annoying sounds such as sounds of â€Å"phone calls†, â€Å"crack of thawing ice† and â€Å"scrape of his dull rake†. He is blessed because he has to bear â€Å"no noisome cruelty, no baffled rage, no ageing children sullen in their lack†. He is free from all these sufferings. He is not disabled but â€Å"abled

Compare SPAIN and AUSTRIA on their GDP per capita over the last three Essay

Compare SPAIN and AUSTRIA on their GDP per capita over the last three years - Essay Example Spain and Austria indicate a greatly positive linear pattern. The variation surrounding the pattern values are distinguished by a quasi normal distribution with possibly levy distribution for far conclusion. Advancing nations make evident the percentage increase of values far below the average percentage increase for significant advanced economies. This signifies a deficit despite the huge relative development rates. Authentic economic development has been analyzed statistically from the time when Kuznet’s efforts on accounting of national income and collective element inputs were applied. Hodrick and Prescott (1980) brought in a concept of 2 components, initiating a model of 2 component economic development an economic pattern and a variation of business cycle factors. The pattern component is accountable for the long lasting development and describes economic effectiveness. In the end run, the variation component of economic development has to possess a 0 average value. In t he year 2010, shakes of the Global economic crisis let down the Spanish asset bubble leading to an asset collapse. Development trembled and unemployment started to increase. The asset let down brought about a disintegration of credit as banks crashed into huge decreased lending, leading to a depression. As the economy went down, the government revenue crumbled and government debt started to increase fast. By the year 2011 the nation encountered economic problems and was drawn in the European sovereign debt predicament. In the year 2012, the rate of unemployment began to rise again to a record height of 25% (Kitov, 2012). On 25th May 2012, Bankia during this period the 4th leading bank of Spain with 12 million clients, asked for an assistance of â‚ ¬19 billion, the huge bank assistance in the country’s history. The new running by Jose Ignacio Goirigolzarri established losses subsequent to taxes of â‚ ¬4.3 billion (2.98 billion taking into consideration an economic credit ) in comparison to a profit of â‚ ¬328 Million established at what time when Rodrigo Rato was at the top of Bankia till May 9, 2012 (Kitov, 2012). The Austrian Economy has eroded the disaster well at the rear of an export leading recovery. Austria like other nations relying on export economies were hit hard by the crisis however the present recovery efforts present a leading chance to empower change efforts particularly in the following spheres. First, subsidized paths in early retirement need to be removed, secondly work incentives of less skilled employees need to be empowered and their expense of employment decreased. Thirdly, early child care facilities and full day learning should be developed. Fourthly, education restructuring need to advance and finally competition should be advanced in network service industry in addition to liberal fields. These restructuring directions are fundamental for the prospective development performance. This is for the reason that positive exte rior shakes at the back of European incorporation will, in large extent, not advance with similar intensity as in the last 3 years and drivers of development will rely largely on domestic resources. Economic vulnerabilities, while low in global assessment, have advanced. Public economy became worse marked by the crises, led by flexible

How changes in family structure affect society

How changes in family structure affect society There are many changes that occur in the society and the family but it always had a link which distinguishes the reasons for both activities in one way or the other. If there is a change in the society it will definitely have an impact with the citizens; it may be against the change or for but it has its contribution for the change. The Society cannot be called a society without its citizens and family is where most citizens belong therefore for every change in the family- will be an influence and be the reasons behind the changes of the society (Wethington, 1992). There is a huge difference in the current family structure compared with how family is defined, it doesnt meet the criteria and the description but it is still a family. The term Nuclear family is used to describe how a family should be structured and an example of a nuclear family is composed by two biological parents and children this model of nuclear family believes to represents a healthy and successful family in the society for every citizen. The nuclear familys role is to helps maintain the family stronger and get the children and parents connected to avoid many problems due to separation of parents or numerous children. It doesnt matter about the family status or background but each individual in the society have different family circumstances and beliefs therefore the structure of the family varies and adapts depending in the consequences in life (Bengston, 2004). The meaning of families has too many definitions and different structure compared to the previous decade or recent years, the changes are very fast and unpredictable. A family was usually set after a marriage and every member of the family including the grandparents and the other siblings were each and everyone an important asset to the family, lived together or had regular visits. In the olden days the society wouldnt treat a couple with respects or even accept their presence within the society if they were living together before marriage or getting pregnant before being married. It has some religious influence but the society was very strict about marriages and that can also affect their future generation therefore individuals were scared not to be treated equally by the society and were getting married in order to form a family. Being in a family was the main aim for each individuals at that time; in todays worlds people have different interest and priorities but the majority stil l have families as their main priority maybe dont believe in marriages but they are members of families, nobody is to be felt as an orphan due to the current societies where even friends are considered to be families (Kelly). The family of Today varies from house to house, it is very complicated to define a family of today, it has different biological parents, children and sometimes both parents dont have any biological connections with the children but still are formed as family with adoptions systems. Therefore it is not needed to be blood related to be part of a family or belong to one, a family is formed with individuals not necessarily blood related and live within the same roof, care and love for each other. If the current society has to be compared with its previous, a lot of changes can be seen but the main ones are the changes in the family structure. There are different types of family, a single parent, gay parents, lesbian parents, adoptions, different biological parents and siblings all living within the same roof. Previously mothers or fathers would only be considered as single parents after a death of the partner and then the society slowly was getting several cases where single parent would occur due to divorce; it then lost the obligation of being married in order to form a family. The current new family types are gay parents and lesbians parents, gay and lesbian people are having an option to adopt a child and form a family of their own. The society was against gay and lesbian people but as the population and family of gay and lesbian people increased the society has changed its view and its manners over them (Bengston, 2004). The changes in the family and society might have improved and benefited individuals according to their living circumstances but there are also many negative outcomes due to these changes in family structure. A nuclear family was said to be ideal for the benefits of the children, both parents are responsible more emotionally and blood related to their children therefore they would care and love for their childrens future and well being as education and heath related issues. In todays case; parents are not always the biological mother or father of the child who leads to lack of concentration and observation in the children. Children dont get the basics such as care, love, proper food, medication and education. It can be proven in many cases where single parents struggle to manage the family and dont cope with problems and their children; it is not fair on the children not to benefit from basics needs such as education, care and love. It is highly necessary and the parents are responsib le for the well being of the child that is why a nuclear family is believed to be better for the children( Bilge, 1983). The children are also put in danger sometimes and in most cases the females are victims of sexual harassments from their step-fathers. It cannot be guaranteed that the biological father wouldnt have sexual contacts with their children because there are cases where their biological parents have sexual contacts with their children. Danger is everywhere but it is statistically proven to be safer to live with their own biological father and better for the childrens future and safety. Not all the parents biological or not have sexual or treat their children differently from their own, there are cases where step-fathers and step-mothers dont treat all the children equally and give preference to their own biological child. In the other hand we have cases were parents of different biological children have very good relationship and remain as strong family (Starling, 1995). The descriptions above of different changes in the family structure have given an idea of how the society is involved with the family and how it adapts to the changes. The issues about marriages and living together where once not accepted among the society even if the law wasnt objecting; the society still was strong enough to refuse others on their view on marriages. The society slowly is changed because as the elder generation disappear or become weaker to comment the younger generation take the lead and change the society according to their wishes and the law is also a strong asset to fight against the society. The marriage wasnt the only issue but there were many issues where the society would refuse to assume the change like the different race in the family but as the members of family develop their changes in their lifestyle-then the society doesnt immediately reacts and adapts to the changes but it slowly learns or somehow is forced to adapt and assume the changes( Delgado, 19 94). The current changes of gay and lesbian families arent completely accepted by the society but the law has only recently approved the rights for the gay and lesbian people. In most cases the individuals would have changes in their lifestyle and the law and religious beliefs would be against their choice. At current, religions dont have an impact for the law to make judgements on individuals choice of living but it usually needs a large amount of people or related issues to fight against then the law then it conclude a favourable judgement or sometimes against depending on the issues. The society havent fully accepted the gay and lesbian families because it is not a dominant number of people whom are gays and lesbians therefore it would take some time for the society to adapt and accept the existence of gay and lesbian families. This is how the structure of the family can change the society, as the family changes its structure the society slowly adapts and contributes as the family wish es; it is a slow process but at the end the society is indirectly forced to accept the changes (Starr, 1998). What is legal today wasnt legal yesterday and what was legal yesterday wasnt legal before, therefore the family changes the society and the society changes the world. Word count: 1428 words

Plot Structure in Susan Glaspells Trifles :: Trifles Essays

Plot Structure in Susan Glaspell's Trifles The play "Trifles" by Susan Glaspell is a whodunit type of murder mystery. But in this case, the "professionals," whose job it is to find out what happened, failed in their task. The County Attorney (Mr. Henderson) and the Sheriff (Mr. Peters) attempt to piece together what had transpired on the day when John Wright was murdered. They interviewed Mrs. Hale, Mrs. Peters, and Mr. Hale who told them that Mrs. Wright, John's wife, had been acting strange when he had found her in the kitchen. After taking in all of this information, they left Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale in the kitchen. Instead of focusing on the men and their quest to solve the case, Glaspell concentrates on the women in the kitchen. It is at this point, when the men leave the kitchen and go upstairs, that the women begin to, perhaps inadvertently, find out for themselves who had killed John Wright. I believe the rising action of this play begins when the men leave the women alone in the kitchen. Without even knowing it, the women are using the tactics that a trained detective would use: asking many questions and making inferences. They engage in small talk and comment on how the kitchen was left after the murder. For example, when Mrs. Peters was looking through the cupboard, she discovered that Mrs. Wright had a bread set. Mrs. Hale then concludes that "she was going to put this in here," referring to a loaf of bread beside the breadbox. Another example is when Mrs. Peters noticed that Mrs. Wright had been "piecing a quilt." As the two women are wondering whether she was going to "quilt it or kno t it," the men come down the stairs and overhear them. The Sheriff repeats out loud what he had heard them say and the men all laugh, obviously making fun of the women. This situation is interesting because the men have no idea that the women were actually making valuable conclusions. I think the next line that Mrs. Hale says is very important: "I don't know as there's anything so strange, our takin' up our time with little things while we're waiting for them to get the evidence. I don't see as it's anything to laugh about." This line shows that even the women themselves believe that they are not finding anything of importance.

The Gaze a Critical of the Female Figure in Art and Advertising

Ideas and Perspectives Module 2012/2013 Claire Hynds The Gaze A Critical of the Female Figure in Art and Advertising 22/01/2013 Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Chapter 1: History of ‘The Nude’ within European oil Paintings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5-6 Chapter 2: Susanna and the Elders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6-10 Chapter 3: The Vanity of Women†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10-11 Chapter 4: Helene Fourment in a Fur Coat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11-12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 List of Illustrations Peter Paul Rubens Susanna and the Elders (1636-40)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Artemisa Gentileschi Susanna and the Elders (1610)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Tintoretto Susanna and the Elders (1555-56)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Rubens Helene Fourment in a Fur Coat (1577-1640)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Women have often been observed in society as being different from a man. A man’s presence is seen as being a powerful force; whereas a woman’s presence has been depicted as being a physical emanation, a kind of heat. It has been said that from a young age a woman has been taught to constantly watch her every move, whether it be her walking across a room, or whilst weeping at the death of a loved one.To be born a woman was said to have been born within a confined space, or into the keeping of a man. Throughout history men have always surveyed a woman before they considered treating them. Consequently how a man treats a woman can be determined by many things, for instance if a woman is to throw a glass on the floor, this is how she expresses her anger towards a situation and how she would like it to be perceived by others, yet if a man was to do the same this would be read as an expression of his anger. As John Berger states in ‘Ways of Seeing’ (P. 47) Men act and wome n appear. Men look at women.Women watch themselves being looked at. This determines not only most relations between men and women but also the relation of women themselves. â€Å"The surveyor of women in herself is male: the surveyed is female. Thus she turns herself into an object and most particularly an object of vision: a sight† (John Berger ‘Ways of Seeing’ Page. 47) Chapter 1 History of ‘The Nude’ within European oil Paintings In the history of European oil painting it has been said that women were known for being the primary and ever-recurring subject. In the subject of women they were best known for being painted in the nude.It is said that the first nudes to have been depicted in the history of art was that of Adam and Eve. John Berger has stated (P. 47) that is was worth mentioning the story of Adam and Eve as told in Genesis: ‘And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof and did eat; and she gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat. And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig-leaves together and made themselves aprons†¦.And the Lord God called unto the man and said unto him, â€Å"Where are thou? † And he said, â€Å"I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself†¦. Unto the woman God said, â€Å"I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband and he shall rule over thee† What is found striking about this particular story is how Adam and Eve become aware of each other’s nakedness the exact moment they take a bite of the forbidden fruit, as a result of this they saw one another in a completely different way.Nakedness was created in the mind of the beholder. Wha t is also striking about this story is how the woman is blamed and made to suffer by being made to serve the man. As the traditions of paintings become more secular, other themes are offered up as an opportunity for painting nudes. But in all of them there remains the fact that the subject (a woman) is all too aware of being watched by the spectator. ‘She is not naked as she is. She is naked as the spectator sees her. ’ (John Berger ‘Ways of Seeing. Page. 50) Chapter 2 Susannah and the EldersSusanna and the Elders was one of the most popular images of the sixteenth century, these pieces were taken from the Old Testament story of Susanna and the Elders. The images that were done of Susanna and the Elders were depicted from specific passages from the 13th Chapter of the book of Daniel. Unlike most versions of Susanna and the Elders, the Schonborn painting presents the central confrontation between the main characters, the exact moment within the story when the Elder s return to the garden to seduce Susanna. Mary Garrard (â€Å"Artemisia and Susanna†, Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany, Norma Broude and Mary D.Garrard, eds. , pp. 146-171) had this to say on her account of these paintings: Few artistic themes have offered so satisfying an opportunity for legitimized voyeurism as Susanna and the Elders. The subject was taken up by relish by artists from the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries as an opportunity to display the female nude, in much the same spirit that such themes as Danae or Lucretia were approached, but with the added advantage that the nude's erotic could be heightened by the presence of two lecherous old men, whose inclusion was both ichnographically justified and pornographically effective. The story of Susanna and the Elders is seen as a remarkable testament of the man’s ego, a biblical theme of the exemplum of a female’s chastity which shows the celebration of sexual opportunity. Or as Max Rooses enthusiastically described Ruben’s version of the story as a â€Å"gallant enterprise mounted by two adventures†. Peter Paul Rubens, Susanna and the Elders, 1636-40 Griselda Pollock (Differencing the Canon, p. 105) states the following on the subject of Susanna and the Elder’s. â€Å"The biblical story of Susanna and theElders tells of a young married Jewish woman living in Babylon during the first exile of the Jewish people (after 586 BCE. ). Susanna is bathing in her garden. She sends her two maids into the house to fetch oil and perfumes for her bath. Two lecherous elders of the community spy on her, conspiring to force her to submit to them sexually. They threaten her that, if she refuses, they will denounce her of adultery with another man, adultery being, according to ancient Jewish law, a capital crime for women.Susanna refuses, preferring the fate of death to the sin they propose. She is then falsely accused by the elders and condemned to death. Daniel, of leonine fame, vindicates Susanna by exposing the elders' mendacity. Interrogating them separately, he asks them under which tree Susanna committed adultery. Each names a different kind of tree. They are then executed for the crime of false witness. † This story is seen as a complex narrative of sexual desire and visual temptation.During the Renaissance the focus of the woman’s nakedness while bathing is exposed to a lecherous conspiracy which emphasized the sexual, voyeuristic and visually violating aspects of the theme, while at the same time providing a biblical and even a theological justification of the painting as an erotic female nude, a genre that was emerging in this period, shifting the focus of the female nude from its traditional association with truth towards a more modern signification of desire and its privileged visuality.Garrard and Pollock’s focus on the subject of Susanna and the Elders is of a painting based on the same subject by A rtemisia Gentileschi. Artemisa Gentileschi, Susanna and the Elders, 1610. In one of the many versions of Susanna and the Elders by Tintoretto, Susanna is seen looking at herself in the mirror. In turn she becomes the spectator herself. Tintoretto, Susanna and the Elders, 1555-56. Mary Garrard Mary Garrard (â€Å"Artemisia and Susanna†, Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany, Norma Broude and Mary D.Garrard, eds. , pp. 149-150) presented the following on Tintoretto’s painting of Susanna stating: â€Å"Tintoretto, whose adventurers stage their advance in a manner more sneaky than bold, nonetheless offers a representative depiction of the theme in his emphasis upon Susanna’s voluptuous body and upon the Elders’ ingenuity in getting a closer look at it. † Chapter 3 The Vanity of Women The Mirror was often used within paintings to show the vanity of women. The moralizing, however, was seen as being quite hypocritical. You painted a naked woman because you enjoy looking at her, you put a mirror in her hand and you called the painting ‘Vanity’, thus morally condemning the woman whose nakedness you had depicted for your own pleasure†. (John Berger, ‘Ways of Seeing’, P. 51) The main function of the mirror was to make the woman notice herself and see what men see her as, a sight. It is a well-known fact that some paintings do include a male lover. However, the woman’s attention isn’t always directed straight at him.The woman is usually panting looking away from the man or she is seen looking out of the painting supposedly looking towards her true love, or in this case the spectator-owner. In one instance of this type of theme is that of Lely’s painting titled ‘Nell Gwynne’ at painting done especially for the king of that time. In this piece it is clear that the woman is looking passively out of the painting at the spectator, in this case the spectator turns out to be the king. However, Nell’s nakedness was not the expression of her own feelings, but instead was the sign of her submission to the king’s demands. Chapter 4 Helene Fourment in a Fur CoatOne painting that was found to be particularly fascinating was that of Ruben’s young second wife, who he had happily married even though he was, at the time, quite old. Rubens ‘Helene Fourment in a Fur Coat’ 1577-1640 In this piece we see Ruben’s wife in the mist of turning, as she does her fur coat begins to gradually slip off her shoulders. It is clear that if she continues with what she is doing she will not remain covered for very much longer. As her body faces us, even if it isn’t full frontal, it is shown as being a well experienced body. Her appearance has, in the eye of the painter, been altered bye his subjectivity.As John Berger (‘Ways of Seeing’, P. 61) describes ‘There is a displacement sideways of about nine inchesà ¢â‚¬â„¢. If looked at closely it is easy to work out that her thighs, where they are meant to join up with her hips, are seen to be at least a couple of inches apart from the left side of her body. Conclusion The ways of seeing a woman and the way they are presented within a painting have not changed. Women were depicted as being different from men, not because of the difference between feminism and masculinity, but because the spectator is often assumed to be a man and a painting of a naked woman were designed to flatter him. In the art-form of the European nude the painters and spectator-owners were usually men and the persons treated as objects, usually women. This unequal relationship is so deeply embedded in our culture that it still structures the consciousness of many women. They do to themselves what men do to them. They survey, like men, their own femininity†. (John Berger, ‘Ways of Seeing’, P. 63) In the end what was found was quite remarkable and found that women were often observed in society as being different from a man. It just goes to show that even in paintings women will always be seen as objects and nothing more.Bibliography Books: Berger, J. (1972) Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin Books. McMillan, K. Weyes, J. (2011) How to Write Essays & Assignments. 2nd ed. Ashford: Pearson Educations Limited. D’Alleva, A. (2010) How to Write Art History. 2nd ed. London: Laurence King Publishing. Broude, N. Garrard, M. D. (1982) Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany. 1st ed. New York: Harper & Row. Websites Tilt, S. (2011) Susanna and the Elders [Online]. Available at: http://employees. oneonta. edu/farberas/arth/arth200/women/susanna. html [Accessed: 14 January 2013]